
- Faculty
Hsien-Chang Lin
-
Interim Associate Dean for Faculty Recruitment
Associate Professor
Open Research and Contributor Identifier
Department
Applied Health Science
Education
University of Michigan Medical Center, Postdoc (Pharmacoepidemiology), 2011
University of Michigan, Dual Ph.D. (Health Policy & Pharmaceutical Health Services Research), 2010
University of Michigan, M.A. (Applied Economics), 2007
National Taiwan University, M.A. (Economics), 2004
National Taiwan University, B.A. (Economics & Sociology), 2002
Background
- President-elect, American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB), 2022-present
- Board of Directors, American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB), 2018-2021
- Vice President, Chinese Economic Association in North America (CEANA), 2019-2021
- Principal Investigator (mPI), "Methodology and Measurement for Examining Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of E-Cigarette and Polysubstance Use", funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH/NIDA R01 DA049154), 2019-2023
- Principal Investigator, "Can State Policy and Healthcare Environment Affect Opioid Prescribing? Research on Physician Behaviors, and a Community Engagement Forum", funded by Indiana University, 2017-2020
- Principal Investigator, "Effects of Indiana Medicaid Tobacco Cessation Program", funded by the Indiana State Department of Health, 2016-2017
- Associate Director, Tobacco, Obesity, and Behavioral Wellness (TobWell) Research Working Group, Indiana University School of Public Health, 2015-present
- Affiliated Faculty Member, East Asian Studies Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University at Bloomington, 2012-present
- Research Fellow, Center for Medication Use, Policy and Economics, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 2010-2011
- Research Fellow, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 2010-2011
Scholarly Interest
Having had multidisciplinary training and research experiences, Dr. Lin's research program encompasses health services, health policy, pharmaceutical health outcomes, and health behavior research. Guided by the socioecological model of health, Dr. Lin applies multidisciplinary perspectives and methods to bridge macro-level health policy analysis to micro-level health behavioral research. His research focuses on application of quantitative methodology in examining behaviors including patient healthcare utilization and physician decision making, as well as patient health outcomes and effectiveness of medical care delivery. Dr. Lin is also interested in how policies may influence substance use/misuse behaviors, including vaping, marijuana use, as well as physicians' prescribing and patients' use/misuse of prescription opioids. He has special interests in substance use behaviors among adolescents and young adults, as well as those with adverse childhood experiences. Dr. Lin’s work also focuses on adopting innovative methods to address complex health issues, such as using big data methods to deal with high-dimensional quantitative data in policy to study their influences on substance use/misuse behaviors.
Awards and Honors
- Fellow, American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB)
- Trustees Teaching Award, Indiana University, 2014, 2017
- Best Master Thesis Award, Taiwan Economic Association, 2004
- Honorary Member, The Phi-Tau-Phi Scholastic Honor Society of Taiwan, 2004
Selected Publications
Articles
LoParco CR, Webb N, Subbaraman MS, Lin HC, Trangenstein P, Yockey RA, Rossheim ME. Characteristics of Drinking Episodes Associated with Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among underage Drinkers in the United States. Addictive Behaviors. 2023; 136: 107501.
Yang M, Russell AM, Barry AE, Merianos AL, Lin HC. Stealth Vaping and Associated Attitudes, Perceptions, and Control Beliefs Among US College Students Across Four Tobacco-Free Campuses. Addictive Behaviors. 2023; 136: 107490.
Russell AM, Valdez D, Chiang S, Montemayor BN, Barry AE, Lin HC, Massey PM. Using Natural Language Processing to Explore ‘Dry January’ Posts on Twitter: A Longitudinal Infodemiology Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) Infodemiology. 2022; 24(11): e40160.
Buu A, Nam JK, Yang M, Su WC, Lin HC. Home E-cigarette Rules and Youth’s Vulnerability to Initiate and Sustain E-Cigarette Use. Preventive Medicine. 2022; 164: 107334.
Lin HC, Buu A, Su WC. Disposable E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17): 10633.
Yang JJ, Lin HC, Ou TS, Tong X, Li R, Piper ME, Buu A. The Situational Contexts and Subjective Effects of Co-Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Alcohol Among College Students: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2022; 239: 109594.
Lin HC, Wang Z, Hu YH, Simon K, Buu A. Characteristics of Statewide Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Associated Potentially Inappropriate Opioid Prescribing to Patients with Non-Cancer Chronic Pain: A Machine Learning Application. Preventive Medicine. 2022; 161: 107116.
Le A, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC, Docherty CL, Smith TD. Belief Factors Associated with Employees' Intention to Evacuate during a Fire Alarm. Workplace Health & Safety. 2022; early online publication.
Russell AM, Ou TS, Bergman BG, Massey PM, Barry AE, Primack B, Lin HC. Associations between Heavy Drinker's Alcohol-Related Social Media Exposures and Personal Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Alcohol Treatment. Addictive Behavior Reports. 2022; 12: 100434
Yang M, Russell A, Lin HC. Association Between Inclusion of E-cigarettes in Statewide Comprehensive Smoke-Free Indoor Air Laws and Vaping Behaviors: Results from a Longitudinal Population Study. Substance Use & Substance Use & Misuse. 2022; 57(5): 806-814.
Merianos AL, Russell AM, Mahabee-Gittens ME, Barry AE, Yang M, Lin HC. Concurrent Use of E-cigarettes and Cannabis and Associated COVID-19 Symptoms, Testing, and Diagnosis among Student E-cigarette Users at Four U.S. Universities. Addictive Behaviors. 2022; 107170.
Tang S, Ports KA, Stone DM, Lin HC. The Mediating Role of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in the Association between Child Neglect and Suicide Attempt in Adulthood. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion.2022; 29(1), 112-122.
Zheng X, Lin HC. How Does Online E-cigarette Advertisement Promotes Youth's E-cigarettes Use? The Mediating Roles of Social Norm and Risk Perceptions. Health Communication. 2021. Early online publication.
Merianos AL, Russell AM, Mahabee-Gittens ME, Barry AE, Yang M, Lin HC. Concurrent Use of E-cigarettes and Cannabis and Associated COVID-19 Symptoms, Testing, and Diagnosis among Student E-cigarette Users at Four U.S. Universities. 2021. Addictive Behaviors. 2022;
Merianos AL, Russell AM, Mahabee-Gittens ME, Barry AE, Yang M, Lin HC. Assessment of Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Outcomes among Young Adults. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2021. Early online publication.
Yang JJ, Wang Z, Trucco EM, Buu A, Lin HC. Chronic Pain and Delinquency Partially Explain the Effect of the DRD4 Gene Polymorphism on Adult Substance Use. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2022; 48(2): 235-244.
Han DH, Seo DC, Lin HC. Statewide Vaping Product Excise Tax Policy and Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Among U.S. Young Adults, 2014-2019. Tobacco Control. 2021. Early online publication.
Russell AM, Yang M, Barry AE, Merianos AL, Lin HC. Stealth Vaping Among College Students on Tobacco-Free Campuses: Prevalence And Practices. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2022; 24(3): 342-348.
Dutta T, Agley J, Lin HC, Xiao Y. Gender-Responsive Language in the National Policy Guidelines for Immunization in Kenya and Changes in Prevalence of Tetanus Vaccination Among Women, 2008-09 to 2014: A Mixed Methods Study. Women's Studies International Forum. 2021; 86: 102476.
Buu A, Cai Z, Li R, Wong SW, Lin HC, Su WC, Jorenby D, Piper ME. Validating E-Cigarette Dependence Scales Based on Dynamic Patterns of Vaping Behaviors and Symptoms. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2021; 23(9): 1484-1489.
Zheng X, Li W, Wong SW, Lin HC. Social Media and E-cigarette Use among US Youth: Longitudinal Evidence on the Role of Online Advertisement Exposure and Risk Perception. Addictive Behaviors. 2021; 119: 106961.
Tang S, Jones CM, Wisdom A, Lin HC, Bacon S, Houry D. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Stimulant Use and Stimulant Use Disorders among Adults in the United States. Psychiatry Research. 2021; 299: 113870.
Wang Z, Lohrmann DK, Buu A, Lin HC. Resilience as a Mediator between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Opioid Misuse among U.S. Adults. Substance Use & Misuse. 2021; 56(4): 484-492.
Wang Z, Buu A, Lohrmann DK, Shih PC, Lin HC. The Role of Family Conflict in Mediating Impulsivity to Early Substance Exposure among Preteens. Addictive Behaviors. 2021; 115: 106779.
Buu A, Cai Z, Li R, Wong SW, Lin HC, Su WC, Jorenby D, Piper ME. The Association between Short-Term Emotion Dynamics and Cigarette Dependence: A Comprehensive Examination of Dynamic Measures. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2021; 218: 108341.
Le A, Wong, SW, Lin HC, Smith T. The Association Between Union Membership and Perceptions of Safety Climate Among US Adult Workers. Safety Science. 2021; 133: 105024.
Bhurosy T, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC, Thiagarajah K, Fly AD. A Randomized mHealth Trial to Promote Vegetable Intake through Counting and Goal Setting. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2020; 52(12): 1111-1119.
Wong SW, Buu A, Lin HC. State Medical Marijuana Laws and Associated Marijuana Use, Attitude, and Perceived Social Norms among Adolescents in the U.S. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2020; 52(5): 383-392.
Wu WC, Hsieh HF, Chang HY, Lin HC, Buu A. Aggressive-Depressive Trajectories in Childhood and their Associations with Drinking Behaviors and Problems in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2020; 49(9): 1897-1912.
Buu A, Hu YH, Wong SW, Lin HC. Internalizing and Externalizing Problems as Risk Factors for Initiation and Progression of E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use in the U.S. Youth Population. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020: early online.
Wang Z, Lin HC. Having a Consistent HIV Healthcare Provider and Associated HIV-Related Clinical Outcomes among People Living with HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Managed Care. 2020; 26(7): 288-294.
Lin HC, Hu YH, Barry AE, Russell A. Assessing the Associations between Religiosity and Alcohol Use Stages in a Representative U.S. Sample. Substance Use & Misuse. 2020; 55(10): 1618-1624.
Tang S, Ports KA, Zhang K, Lin HC. Sex Difference in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health Symptoms, and Associated Prescription Opioid Misuse: A Mediation Analysis. 2020. Preventive Medicine. 2020: 134: 106034.
Wong SW, Lohrmann DK, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC. Is E-cigarette Use a Gateway to Marijuana Use? Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2020; 208: 107868.
Cho B, Lin HC, Seo DC. Effectiveness of Indiana's Statewide Smoke-Free Indoor Air Law in Reducing Prevalence of Adult Cigarette Smoking. Journal of Primary Prevention. 2020; 41: 87-103.
Lee YH, Ang TFA, Lin HC, YC Chang. Rural-Urban Disparities in Smoking Patterns Among Chinese Adults: A Social-Ecological Approach. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 2019; early online.
Lee B, Lin HC, Seo DC. Inclusion of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Indoor Smoke-free Air Policies and Associated Vaping Behavior. Addictive Behaviors. 2019; 98: 106061.
Buu A, Hu YH, Wong SW, Lin HC. Comparing American College and Noncollege Young Adults on E-cigarette Use Patterns Including Polysubstance Use and Reasons for Using E-cigarettes. Journal of American College Health. 2019; early online.
Goldberg D, Cho B, Lin HC. Factors Influencing U.S. Physicians' Decision to Provide Behavioral Counseling. Preventive Medicine. 2019; 119: 70-76.
Lin HC, Wang Z, Simoni-Wastila L, Boyd CJ, Buu A. Interstate Data Sharing of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Associated Opioid Prescriptions among Patients with Non-Cancer Chronic Pain. Preventive Medicine. 2019; 118: 59-65.
Wong SW, Lin HC. Medical Marijuana Legalization and Associated Illicit Drug Use and Prescription Medication Misuse Among Adolescents in the U.S. Addictive Behaviors. 2019; 90: 48-54.
Wong SW, Lin HC, Piper ME, Siddiqui A, Buu A. Measuring Characteristics of E-cigarette Consumption among College Students. Journal of American College Health. 2019; 67(4): 338-347.
Wang L, Lin HC, Wong YJ. Perceived Racial Discrimination on the Change of Suicide Risk among Ethnic Minorities in the United States. Ethnicity & Health. 2018; early online.
Lee CG, Middlestadt SE, Seo DC, Lin HC, Macy JT, Park S. Incorporating Environmental Variables as Precursor Background Variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Quitting-Related Intentions: A Comparative Study between Adult and Young Adult Smokers. 2018. Archives of Public Health. 2018; 76: 66.
Chen BC, Seo DC, Lin HC, Crandall DJ. A Framework for Estimating Sleep Timing from Digital Footprints. BMJ Innovations. 2018; 4: 172-177.
Mayo-Gamble TL, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC, Erves JC, Barnes PA, Jackson PB. Identifying Factors Underlying the Decision for Sickle Cell Carrier Screening Among African Americans Within Middle Reproductive Age. Journal of Genetic Counseling. 2018; 27(5): 1302-1311.
Cho B, Seo DC, Lin HC, Lohrmann DK, Chomistek AK. Adolescent Weight and Electronic Vapor Product Use: Comparing BMI-Based with Perceived Weight Status. 2018. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018; 55(4): 541-550.
Yu Z, Lin HC, Smith TD, Lohrmann KL. Association between Workplace Harassment and Occupational Injury among Adult Workers in the United States. Safety Science. 2018; 372-379.
Buu A, Hu YH, Piper ME, Lin HC. The Association between E-cigarette Use Characteristics and Combustible Cigarette Consumption and Dependence Symptoms: Results from a National Longitudinal Study. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 84: 69-74.
Cho B, Seo DC, Lin HC, Lohrmann DK, Chomistek AK. BMI and Central Obesity with Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018; 54(4): e59-e66.
Chen CC, Seo DC, Lin HC. Longitudinal State-Level Effects on Change in Body Mass Index Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the USA. Health Education Journal. 2018; 77(1): 59-72.
Kwon E, Lin HC, Seo DC. Predictors of Youth E-cigarette Use Susceptibility in a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 82: 79-25.
Chen CC, Lin HC, Seo DC. Medicare Part D Implementation and Associated Health Impact Among Older Adults in the United States. International Journal of Health Services. 2018; 48(1): 42-56.
Mayo-Gamble T, Barnes PA, Jerves JC, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC. 'It Means Everyone Should Know Their Status': Exploring Lay Conceptions of Sickle Cell Trait and Sickle Cell Trait Screening among African Americans within Middle Reproductive Age. Ethnicity and Health. 2018; 23(7): 813-829.
Pampati S, Buu A, Hu YH, Mendes CM, Lin HC. The Effects of Alcohol and Cigarette Use on the Initiation, Reinitiation, and Persistence of Cannabis Use in Adolescents. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 79: 144-150.
Lin HC, Wang Z, Boyd CJ, Simone-Wastila L, Buu A. Associations between Statewide Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Requirement and Physician Patterns of Prescribing Opioid Analgesics for Patients with Non-cancer Chronic Pain. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 76: 348-354.
Lee HY, Lin HC, Seo DC, Lohrmann DK. The Effect of E-cigarette Warning Labels on College Students' Perception of E-cigarettes and Intention to Use E-cigarettes. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 76: 106-112.
Park JY, Lin HC, Peng CY. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Frequency of Sugar-sweetened Soft Drink Consumption among Low-income Adults in the US. Nutrition and Health. 2017; 23(3): 147-157.
Goldberg D, Lin HC. Effects of the Mental Health Parity And Addictions Equality Act on Depression Treatment Choice in Primary Care Facilities. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2017; 52(1): 34-47
Buu A, Hu YH, Pampati S, Arterberry BJ, Lin HC. Predictive Validity of Cannabis Consumption Measures: Results from A National Longitudinal Study. Addictive Behaviors. 2017; 73: 36-40.
Ma X, Park C, Lin HC, Andrews S, Chang J. Factors Associated with Physician Prescribing Behavior of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes in the US Outpatient Population. Journal of Hospital Administration. 2017; 6(2):59-67.
Lee HY, Lin HC, Seo DC, Lohrmann DK. Determinants Associated with E-cigarette Adoption and Use Intention Among College Students. Addictive Behaviors. 2017; 65: 102-110.
Carter G, Owens C, Lin HC. HIV Screening and the Affordable Care Act. American Journal of Men's Health. 2016; 11(2): 233-239.
Yu CY, Lin HC. Exploring Factors Regarding Transit-Related Walking and Walking Duration. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2016; 13: 1220-1229.
Park JY, Seo DC, Lin HC. E-cigarette Use and Intention to Initiate or Quit Smoking Among US Youths. American Journal of Public Health. 2016; 106(4): 672-678.
Arterberry BJ, Horbal SR, Buu A, Lin HC. The Effects of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Cigarette Use on the Initiation, Reinitiation and Persistence of Non-Medical Use of Opioids, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2016; 159: 86-92.
Lin HC, Jester JM, Buu A. The Relationships of Cigarette and Alcohol Use with the Initiation, Reinitiation, and Persistence of Cannabis Use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2016; 77(1): 113-120.
Lin HC, Lee HY. Utilization of and Adherence to Oral Contraceptive Pills and Associated Disparities in the United States: A Baseline Assessment for the Impact of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. The International Journal of Health Services. 2015; 45(4): 729-742.
Lin HC, Stein JD, Nan B, Talwar N, Childers D, Newman-Casey PA, Thompson DA, Richards JE. Association of Geroprotective Effects of Metformin and Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus. JAMA Ophthalmology. 2015; 133(8): 915-923.
Lin HC, J Park, DC Seo. Comprehensive US Statewide Smoke-Free Indoor Air Legislation and Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Asthma Prevalence, and Related Doctor Visits: 2007-2011. American Journal of Public Health. 2015; 105(8): 1617-1622.
Lee CG, Seo DC, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC. Does the Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Other Key Health Behaviors Vary by Geographic Area Among US Young Adults? A Multilevel Analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2015; 22(4): 481-488.
Davis SA, Lin HC, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR. Hidradenitis Suppurativa Management in the United States: An Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and MarketScan Medicaid Databases. Skin Appendage Disorders. 2015; 1: 65-73.
Yu CY, Lin HC. Transit-Related Walking to Work in Promoting Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2015; 12(4): 483-489.
Lin HC, Hunnicutt JN, Moustafa FA, Rohr AL, Huang KE, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR. Pharmacological Treatments in Pregnant Women with Psoriasis in the U.S.A. British Journal of Dermatology. 2015; 172(3): 807-810.
Mayo-Gamble T, Lin HC. Healthcare Utilization and Diabetes Management Programs: Indiana 2006-2010. American Journal of Managed Care. 2014; 20(10): e461-e468.
Luo J, Lin HC, He K, Hendryx MS. Diabetes and Prognosis in Older Persons with Colorectal Cancer. British Journal of Cancer. 2014; 110: 1847-1854.
Davis SA, Lin HC, Yu CH, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR. Underuse of Early Follow-Up Visits: A Missed Opportunity to Improve Patients' Adherence. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2014; 13(7): 833-836.
Al-Dabagh A, Al-Dabagh R, Davis SA, Taheri A, Lin HC, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR. Systemic Corticosteroids Are Frequently Prescribed for Psoriasis. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 2014; 18: 1-5.
Kokkonen EWJ, Lin HC, Davis SA, Feldman SR, Fleischer AB. Electronic Prescription Use by Specialty. 2013. The American Journal of Pharmacy Benefits. 2013; 5(6): e151-e158.
Lin HC, Alamdari HS, Huang KE, Gustafson CJ, Davis SA, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR. Prevalence of Psoriasis and Rosacea Comorbidities in the Outpatient Setting. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 2013; 17(5): 295-298.
Kokkonen EWJ, Davis SA, Lin HC, Dabade TS, Feldman SR, Fleischer AB. Use of Electronic Medical Records Differs by Specialty and Office Settings. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2013; 20(E1): E33-E38.
Tan X, Al-Dabagh A, Davis SA, Lin HC, Balkrishnan R, Chang JW, Feldman SR. Medication Adherence, Healthcare Costs and Utilization Associated with Acne Drugs in the Medicaid Enrollees with Acne Vulgaris. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2013; 14(3): 243-251.
Lin HC, Wong SW, Chang SY. The Development of Translational Research in Taiwan (in Chinese). Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies. 2013; 10(1): 347-359.
Shtein RM, Raoof-Daneshvar D, Lin HC, Sugar A, Mian SI, Nan B, Stein JD. Keratoplasty for Corneal Endothelial Disease, 2001-2009. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119(7): 1303-1310.
Chang JW, Patel I, Suh WS, Lin HC, Kim SJ, Balkrishnan R. Does State Budget Pressure Matter for Uncompensated Care Spending in Hospitals? Findings from Texas and California. International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2012; 27: 88-103.
Lin HC, Balkrishnan R, Lucas PT, Feldman SR. Medication Choice and Associated Health Care Outcomes and Costs for Patients with Psoriasis in the United States. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2012; 23: 196-202.
Lin HC, Erickson SR, Balkrishnan R. Physician Prescribing Patterns of Innovative Antidepressants in the United States: The Case of MDD Patients 1993-2007. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2011; 42(4): 353-368.
Lin HC, Erickson SR, Balkrishnan R. Antidepressant Utilization, Adherence and Health Care Spending in the United States: The Case of MDD Patients 2000-2007. Health Outcomes Research in Medicine. 2011; 2(2): e79-e89.
Patel P, Lin HC, Feldman SR, Fleischer AB, Nahata M, Balkrishnan R. Medication Choice and Associated Health Care Outcomes and Costs for Patients with Acne in the United States. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2011; 10(7): 766-771.